概要
さまざまな教えが織り成すこの章は、大いなる幸福を求める者への多面的な指針を示します。人間として生まれることの稀有さ、ブッダの教えに出会える幸運、そして精進することの尊さが、宝石のように散りばめられています。
"Mattāsukhapariccāgā, passe ce vipulaṁ sukhaṁ; caje mattāsukhaṁ dhīro, sampassaṁ vipulaṁ sukhaṁ."
Mattāsukhapariccāgā, passe ce vipulaṁ sukhaṁ; Caje mattāsukhaṁ dhīro, sampassaṁ vipulaṁ sukhaṁ
If by giving up material happiness one sees abundant happiness, the attentive would give up material happiness, seeing the abundant happiness.
Paradukkhūpadhānena, attano sukhamicchati; Verasaṁsaggasaṁsaṭṭho, verā so na parimuccati
Seeking their own happiness by imposing suffering on others, living intimate with enmity, they’re not freed from enmity.
Yañhi kiccaṁ apaviddhaṁ, akiccaṁ pana karīyati; Unnaḷānaṁ pamattānaṁ, tesaṁ vaḍḍhanti āsavā
They dump what should be done, and do what should not be done. For the insolent and the negligent, their defilements only grow.
Yesañca susamāraddhā, niccaṁ kāyagatā sati; Akiccaṁ te na sevanti, kicce sātaccakārino; Satānaṁ sampajānānaṁ, atthaṁ gacchanti āsavā
Those that have properly undertaken constant mindfulness of the body, don’t cultivate what should not be done, but always do what should be done. Mindful and aware, their defilements come to an end.
Mātaraṁ pitaraṁ hantvā, rājāno dve ca khattiye; Raṭṭhaṁ sānucaraṁ hantvā, anīgho yāti brāhmaṇo
Having slain mother and father, and two aristocratic kings, and having wiped out the kingdom with its tax collector, the brahmin walks on untroubled.
Mātaraṁ pitaraṁ hantvā, rājāno dve ca sotthiye; Veyagghapañcamaṁ hantvā, anīgho yāti brāhmaṇo
Having slain mother and father, and two prosperous kings, and a tiger as the fifth, the brahmin walks on untroubled.
Suppabuddhaṁ pabujjhanti, sadā gotamasāvakā; Yesaṁ divā ca ratto ca, niccaṁ buddhagatā sati
The disciples of Gotama always wake up refreshed, who day and night constantly recollect the Buddha.
Suppabuddhaṁ pabujjhanti, sadā gotamasāvakā; Yesaṁ divā ca ratto ca, niccaṁ dhammagatā sati
The disciples of Gotama always wake up refreshed, who day and night constantly recollect the teaching.
Suppabuddhaṁ pabujjhanti, sadā gotamasāvakā; Yesaṁ divā ca ratto ca, niccaṁ saṅghagatā sati
The disciples of Gotama always wake up refreshed, who day and night constantly recollect the Saṅgha.
Suppabuddhaṁ pabujjhanti, sadā gotamasāvakā; Yesaṁ divā ca ratto ca, niccaṁ kāyagatā sati
The disciples of Gotama always wake up refreshed, who day and night are constantly mindful of the body.
Suppabuddhaṁ pabujjhanti, sadā gotamasāvakā; Yesaṁ divā ca ratto ca, ahiṁsāya rato mano
The disciples of Gotama always wake up refreshed, whose minds day and night delight in harmlessness.
Suppabuddhaṁ pabujjhanti, sadā gotamasāvakā; Yesaṁ divā ca ratto ca, bhāvanāya rato mano
The disciples of Gotama always wake up refreshed, whose minds day and night delight in meditation.
Duppabbajjaṁ durabhiramaṁ, Durāvāsā gharā dukhā; Dukkhosamānasaṁvāso, Dukkhānupatitaddhagū; Tasmā na caddhagū siyā, Na ca dukkhānupatito siyā
Going forth is hard, it’s hard to be happy; life at home is hard too, and painful, it’s painful to stay when you’ve nothing in common. A traveler is a prey to pain, so don’t be a traveler, don’t be prey to pain.
Saddho sīlena sampanno, yasobhogasamappito; Yaṁ yaṁ padesaṁ bhajati, tattha tattheva pūjito
One who is faithful, accomplished in ethics, blessed with fame and wealth, is honored in whatever place they frequent.
Dūre santo pakāsenti, himavantova pabbato; Asantettha na dissanti, rattiṁ khittā yathā sarā
The good shine from afar, like the Himalayan peaks, but the wicked are not seen, like arrows scattered in the night.
Ekāsanaṁ ekaseyyaṁ, eko caramatandito; Eko damayamattānaṁ, vanante ramito siyā
Sitting alone, sleeping alone, tirelessly wandering alone; one who tames themselves alone would delight within a forest.
「パキンナカ」は「種々の」「雑多な」を意味し、この章が特定の一つのテーマではなく、さまざまな教えを集めたものであることを示しています。しかし雑多に見えるこれらの教えには、共通する深い糸があります——それは「小さな幸福を手放して、より大きな幸福を得る」という選択の智慧です。古代インドの修行者たちにとって、世俗の楽を捨てて修行の道に入ることは重大な決断でしたが、この章はその決断の意味と価値を力強く語っています。
「小さな幸福を手放して大きな幸福を見るならば、賢者はそうする」という教えは、私たちの日常にも当てはまります。目先の快楽を我慢して長期的な目標を追求すること、安全な場所に留まるのではなく成長のために挑戦すること——これらはすべて「小を手放して大を得る」選択です。また、他者の苦しみによって自分の幸福を築いてはならないという教えは、持続可能な幸福の在り方を示しており、現代の倫理観にも深く通じるものです。
用語にカーソルを合わせると意味が表示されます