概要
怒りを克服することの大切さと方法を説くこの章は、怒りという強力な感情に正面から向き合います。怒りを怒りで制することはできず、忍耐と慈悲によってのみ克服できるという教えは、穏やかでありながら力に満ちています。
"Kodhaṁ jahe vippajaheyya mānaṁ, saṁyojanaṁ sabbamatikkameyya; taṁ nāmarūpasmimasajjamānaṁ, akiñcanaṁ nānupatanti dukkhā."
Kodhaṁ jahe vippajaheyya mānaṁ, Saṁyojanaṁ sabbamatikkameyya; Taṁ nāmarūpasmimasajjamānaṁ, Akiñcanaṁ nānupatanti dukkhā
Give up anger, get rid of conceit, and escape every fetter. Sufferings don’t befall one who has nothing, not clinging to name and form.
Yo ve uppatitaṁ kodhaṁ, rathaṁ bhantaṁva vāraye; Tamahaṁ sārathiṁ brūmi, rasmiggāho itaro jano
When anger surges like a lurching chariot, keep it in check. That’s what I call a charioteer; others just hold the reins.
Akkodhena jine kodhaṁ, asādhuṁ sādhunā jine; Jine kadariyaṁ dānena, saccenālikavādinaṁ
Defeat anger with kindness, villainy with virtue, stinginess with giving, and lies with truth.
Saccaṁ bhaṇe na kujjheyya, dajjā appampi yācito; Etehi tīhi ṭhānehi, gacche devāna santike
Speak the truth, do not be angry, and give when asked, if only a little. By these three means, you may enter the presence of the gods.
Ahiṁsakā ye munayo, niccaṁ kāyena saṁvutā; Te yanti accutaṁ ṭhānaṁ, yattha gantvā na socare
Those harmless sages, always restrained in body, go to the state that does not pass, where there is no sorrow.
Sadā jāgaramānānaṁ, ahorattānusikkhinaṁ; Nibbānaṁ adhimuttānaṁ, atthaṁ gacchanti āsavā
Always wakeful, practicing night and day, focused only on extinguishment, their defilements come to an end.
Porāṇametaṁ atula, netaṁ ajjatanāmiva; Nindanti tuṇhimāsīnaṁ, nindanti bahubhāṇinaṁ; Mitabhāṇimpi nindanti, natthi loke anindito
It’s always been this way, Atula, it’s not just today. They blame you when you’re silent, they blame you when you speak a lot, and even when you speak just right: no-one in the world escapes blame.
Na cāhu na ca bhavissati, na cetarahi vijjati; Ekantaṁ nindito poso, ekantaṁ vā pasaṁsito
There never was, nor will be, nor is there today, someone who is wholly praised or wholly blamed.
Yañce viññū pasaṁsanti, anuvicca suve suve; Acchiddavuttiṁ medhāviṁ, paññāsīlasamāhitaṁ
If, after watching them day in day out, discerning people praise that sage of impeccable conduct, endowed with ethics and wisdom;
Nikkhaṁ jambonadasseva, ko taṁ ninditumarahati; Devāpi naṁ pasaṁsanti, brahmunāpi pasaṁsito
like a pendant of Black Plum River gold, who is worthy to criticize them? Even the gods praise them, and by the Divinity, too, they’re praised.
Kāyappakopaṁ rakkheyya, kāyena saṁvuto siyā; Kāyaduccaritaṁ hitvā, kāyena sucaritaṁ care
Guard against ill-tempered deeds, be restrained in body. Giving up bad bodily conduct, conduct yourself well in body.
Vacīpakopaṁ rakkheyya, vācāya saṁvuto siyā; Vacīduccaritaṁ hitvā, vācāya sucaritaṁ care
Guard against ill-tempered words, be restrained in speech. Giving up bad verbal conduct, conduct yourself well in speech.
Manopakopaṁ rakkheyya, manasā saṁvuto siyā; Manoduccaritaṁ hitvā, manasā sucaritaṁ care
Guard against ill-tempered thoughts, be restrained in mind. Giving up bad mental conduct, conduct yourself well in mind.
Kāyena saṁvutā dhīrā, atho vācāya saṁvutā; Manasā saṁvutā dhīrā, te ve suparisaṁvutā
An attentive one is restrained in body restrained also in speech, in thought, too, they are restrained: they are restrained in every way.
パーリ語で「コーダ」と呼ばれる怒りは、仏教心理学（アビダンマ）において「瞋恚（ドーサ）」の一形態として分類される不善の心所です。ブッダの時代、怒りは時に正義の表現として肯定されることもありましたが、ブッダは怒りを例外なく心を害するものとして退けました。怒りは「燃える炭を素手で掴んで他人に投げようとするようなもの」——先に焼かれるのは自分自身であるという有名な喩えは、怒りの本質を鮮やかに示しています。
SNS上の炎上、路上でのあおり運転、政治的な分断——現代社会は怒りの表現に溢れています。「正義の怒り」という名のもとに他者を攻撃することが許容される風潮もあります。しかしこの章は、怒りに飲まれることは自分自身を傷つけることだと明確に教えます。怒りを感じること自体は自然ですが、それに支配されず、忍耐をもって応じることが真の強さです。アンガーマネジメントの知恵は、二千五百年前のこの教えにすでに含まれているのです。
用語にカーソルを合わせると意味が表示されます