概要
心の汚れ——貪欲、嘘、怠惰、吝嗇などの不善の性質を直視し、それらを取り除く方法を教えるこの章は、内面の浄化の道を具体的に示します。錆が鉄を蝕むように、自らの悪行が自らを蝕むのです。
"Ayasāva malaṁ samuṭṭhitaṁ, taduṭṭhāyeva tamattameti; evaṁ atidhonacārinaṁ, sāni kammāni nayanti duggatiṁ."
Paṇḍupalāsova dānisi, Yamapurisāpi ca te upaṭṭhitā; Uyyogamukhe ca tiṭṭhasi, Pātheyyampi ca te na vijjati
Today you’re like a withered leaf, Yama’s men await you. You stand at the departure gates, yet you have no supplies for the road.
So karohi dīpamattano, Khippaṁ vāyama paṇḍito bhava; Niddhantamalo anaṅgaṇo, Dibbaṁ ariyabhūmiṁ upehisi
Make an island of yourself! Swiftly strive, learn to be wise! Purged of stains, flawless, you’ll go to the heavenly realm of the noble ones.
Upanītavayo ca dānisi, Sampayātosi yamassa santikaṁ; Vāso te natthi antarā, Pātheyyampi ca te na vijjati
You’ve journeyed the stages of life, and now you set out to meet Yama. Along the way there’s nowhere to stay, yet you have no supplies for the road.
So karohi dīpamattano, Khippaṁ vāyama paṇḍito bhava; Niddhantamalo anaṅgaṇo, Na punaṁ jātijaraṁ upehisi
Make an island of yourself! Swiftly strive, learn to be wise! Purged of stains, flawless, you’ll not come again to rebirth and old age.
Anupubbena medhāvī, thokaṁ thokaṁ khaṇe khaṇe; Kammāro rajatasseva, niddhame malamattano
A smart person would purge their own stains gradually, bit by bit, moment by moment, like a smith smelting silver.
Ayasāva malaṁ samuṭṭhitaṁ, Tatuṭṭhāya tameva khādati; Evaṁ atidhonacārinaṁ, Sāni kammāni nayanti duggatiṁ
It is the rust born on the iron that eats away the place it arose. And so it is their own deeds that lead the overly-ascetic to a bad place.
Asajjhāyamalā mantā, anuṭṭhānamalā gharā; Malaṁ vaṇṇassa kosajjaṁ, pamādo rakkhato malaṁ
Not rehearsing is the stain of hymns. The stain of houses is neglect. Laziness is the stain of beauty. A guard’s stain is negligence.
Malitthiyā duccaritaṁ, maccheraṁ dadato malaṁ; Malā ve pāpakā dhammā, asmiṁ loke paramhi ca
Misconduct is a woman’s stain. A giver’s stain is stinginess. Bad qualities are a stain in this world and the next.
Tato malā malataraṁ, avijjā paramaṁ malaṁ; Etaṁ malaṁ pahantvāna, nimmalā hotha bhikkhavo
But a worse stain than these is ignorance, the worst stain of all. Having given up that stain, be without stains, mendicants!
Sujīvaṁ ahirikena, kākasūrena dhaṁsinā; Pakkhandinā pagabbhena, saṅkiliṭṭhena jīvitaṁ
Life is easy for the shameless. With all the rude courage of a crow, they live pushy, rude, and corrupt.
Hirīmatā ca dujjīvaṁ, niccaṁ sucigavesinā; Alīnenāppagabbhena, suddhājīvena passatā
Life is hard for the conscientious, always seeking purity, neither clinging nor rude, pure of livelihood and discerning.
Yo pāṇamatipāteti, musāvādañca bhāsati; Loke adinnamādiyati, paradārañca gacchati
Take anyone in this world who kills living creatures, speaks falsely, steals, commits adultery,
Surāmerayapānañca, yo naro anuyuñjati; Idheva meso lokasmiṁ, mūlaṁ khaṇati attano
and indulges in drinking beer and wine. Right here they dig up the root of their own self.
Evaṁ bho purisa jānāhi, pāpadhammā asaññatā; Mā taṁ lobho adhammo ca, ciraṁ dukkhāya randhayuṁ
Know this, my friend: they are unrestrained and wicked. Don’t let that greed and unrighteousness inflict pain on you for long.
Dadāti ve yathāsaddhaṁ, yathāpasādanaṁ jano; Tattha yo ca maṅku bhavati, paresaṁ pānabhojane; Na so divā vā rattiṁ vā, samādhimadhigacchati
The people give according to their faith, according to their confidence. If you get upset over that, over other’s food and drink, you’ll not, by day or by night, become immersed in samādhi.
Yassa cetaṁ samucchinnaṁ, mūlaghaccaṁ samūhataṁ; Sa ve divā vā rattiṁ vā, samādhimadhigacchati
Those who have cut that out, dug it up at the root, eradicated it, they will, by day or by night, become immersed in samādhi.
Natthi rāgasamo aggi, natthi dosasamo gaho; Natthi mohasamaṁ jālaṁ, natthi taṇhāsamā nadī
There is no fire like greed, no crime like hate, no net like delusion, no river like craving.
Sudassaṁ vajjamaññesaṁ, attano pana duddasaṁ; Paresaṁ hi so vajjāni, opunāti yathā bhusaṁ; Attano pana chādeti, kaliṁva kitavā saṭho
It’s easy to see the faults of others, hard to see one’s own. For the faults of others are tossed high like hay, while one’s own are hidden, as a cheat hides a bad hand.
Paravajjānupassissa, niccaṁ ujjhānasaññino; Āsavā tassa vaḍḍhanti, ārā so āsavakkhayā
When you look for the flaws of others, always finding fault, your defilements only grow, you’re far from ending defilements.
Ākāseva padaṁ natthi, samaṇo natthi bāhire; Papañcābhiratā pajā, nippapañcā tathāgatā
In the atmosphere there is no track, there’s no true ascetic outside here. People enjoy proliferation, the Realized Ones are free of proliferation.
Ākāseva padaṁ natthi, samaṇo natthi bāhire; Saṅkhārā sassatā natthi, natthi buddhānamiñjitaṁ
In the atmosphere there is no track, there’s no true ascetic outside here. No conditions last forever, the Awakened Ones are not shaken.
「マラ」は心の不浄、道徳的な汚れを意味するパーリ語です。鉄に生じる錆のように、心にも内側から汚れが生じるという比喩は、ブッダの教えの特徴をよく表しています。外的な汚染ではなく、内面から生じる不善の性質——嘘、吝嗇、嫉妬、傲慢——こそが真の汚れだとされます。この考えは、当時のバラモン教が重視していた外的な浄化の儀式（沐浴や祭祀）に対する明確な対案でもありました。真の清浄は内面から始まるのです。
外見を磨くことには熱心でも、内面の清浄にはあまり注意を払わない——そんな傾向は現代社会にも見られます。この章は、心の汚れは見えないからこそ危険であり、放置すれば鉄を蝕む錆のように自らを破壊すると警告します。自分の心の中にある小さな嘘、嫉妬、怠惰に気づくこと。そしてそれを少しずつ清めていくこと。完璧である必要はありませんが、自分の内面に正直に向き合う勇気が、清浄への第一歩となるのです。
用語にカーソルを合わせると意味が表示されます