概要
八正道を中心とした修行の道を明示するこの章は、苦しみから解放へと至る具体的な道筋を教えます。「すべてのものは無常である」——この真理を智慧をもって観るとき、苦しみへの道から離れ、清浄への道を歩み始めるのです。
"Sabbe saṅkhārā aniccāti, yadā paññāya passati; atha nibbindati dukkhe, esa maggo visuddhiyā."
Maggānaṭṭhaṅgiko seṭṭho, saccānaṁ caturo padā; Virāgo seṭṭho dhammānaṁ, dvipadānañca cakkhumā
Of paths, the eightfold is the best; of truths, the four statements; dispassion is the best of things, and the Clear-eyed One is the best of humans.
Eseva maggo natthañño, Dassanassa visuddhiyā; Etañhi tumhe paṭipajjatha, Mārassetaṁ pamohanaṁ
This is the path, there is no other for the purification of vision. You all must practice this, it is the way to baffle Māra.
Etañhi tumhe paṭipannā, dukkhassantaṁ karissatha; Akkhāto vo mayā maggo, aññāya sallakantanaṁ
When you all are practicing this, you will make an end of suffering. I have explained the path to you for extracting the thorn with wisdom.
Tumhehi kiccamātappaṁ, akkhātāro tathāgatā; Paṭipannā pamokkhanti, jhāyino mārabandhanā
You yourselves must do the work, the Realized Ones just show the way. Meditators practicing absorption are released from Māra’s bonds.
“Sabbe saṅkhārā aniccā”ti, yadā paññāya passati; Atha nibbindati dukkhe, esa maggo visuddhiyā
All conditions are impermanent— when this is seen with wisdom, one grows disillusioned with suffering: this is the path to purity.
“Sabbe saṅkhārā dukkhā”ti, yadā paññāya passati; Atha nibbindati dukkhe, esa maggo visuddhiyā
All conditions are suffering— when this is seen with wisdom, one grows disillusioned with suffering: this is the path to purity.
“Sabbe dhammā anattā”ti, yadā paññāya passati; Atha nibbindati dukkhe, esa maggo visuddhiyā
All things are not-self— when this is seen with wisdom, one grows disillusioned with suffering: this is the path to purity.
Uṭṭhānakālamhi anuṭṭhahāno, Yuvā balī ālasiyaṁ upeto; Saṁsannasaṅkappamano kusīto, Paññāya maggaṁ alaso na vindati
They don’t get going when it’s time to start; they’re young and strong, but given to sloth. Their mind depressed in sunken thought, lazy and slothful, they can’t discern the path.
Vācānurakkhī manasā susaṁvuto, Kāyena ca nākusalaṁ kayirā; Ete tayo kammapathe visodhaye, Ārādhaye maggamisippaveditaṁ
Guarded in speech, restrained in mind, doing no unskillful bodily deed. Purify these three ways of performing deeds, and win the path known to seers.
Yogā ve jāyatī bhūri, ayogā bhūrisaṅkhayo; Etaṁ dvedhāpathaṁ ñatvā, bhavāya vibhavāya ca; Tathāttānaṁ niveseyya, yathā bhūri pavaḍḍhati
From meditation springs wisdom, without meditation, wisdom ends. Knowing these two paths— of progress and decline— you should conduct yourself so that wisdom grows.
Vanaṁ chindatha mā rukkhaṁ, vanato jāyate bhayaṁ; Chetvā vanañca vanathañca, nibbanā hotha bhikkhavo
Cut down the jungle, not just a tree; from the jungle springs fear. Having cut down jungle and snarl, be free of jungles, mendicants!
Yāva hi vanatho na chijjati, Aṇumattopi narassa nārisu; Paṭibaddhamanova tāva so, Vaccho khīrapakova mātari
So long as the vine, no matter how small, that ties a man to women is not cut, his mind remains trapped, like a calf suckling its mother.
Ucchinda sinehamattano, Kumudaṁ sāradikaṁva pāṇinā; Santimaggameva brūhaya, Nibbānaṁ sugatena desitaṁ
Cut out affection for oneself, like plucking an autumn lotus. Foster only the path to peace, the extinguishment the Holy One taught.
Idha vassaṁ vasissāmi, idha hemantagimhisu; Iti bālo vicinteti, antarāyaṁ na bujjhati
“Here I will stay for the rains; here for winter, here the summer”; thus the fool thinks, not realizing the danger.
Taṁ puttapasusammattaṁ, byāsattamanasaṁ naraṁ; Suttaṁ gāmaṁ mahoghova, maccu ādāya gacchati
As a mighty flood sweeps away a sleeping village, death steals away a man who dotes on children and cattle, his mind caught up in them.
Na santi puttā tāṇāya, na pitā nāpi bandhavā; Antakenādhipannassa, natthi ñātīsu tāṇatā
Children provide you no shelter, nor does father, nor relatives. When you’re seized by the terminator, there’s no shelter in family.
Etamatthavasaṁ ñatvā, paṇḍito sīlasaṁvuto; Nibbānagamanaṁ maggaṁ, khippameva visodhaye
Knowing the reason for this, astute, and ethically restrained, one would quickly clear the path that leads to extinguishment.
「マッガ」は道・路を意味し、仏教においては四聖諦の第四諦である道諦、すなわち八正道を中心に理解されます。ブッダは極端な苦行と快楽の追求の両方を退け、中道（マッジマー・パティパダー）としての八正道を説かれました。この章は特に三相（無常・苦・無我）の観察を道の核心に据え、智慧による洞察が解放への道であることを明確に示しています。「道の中でこれが最上」と八正道を讃える詩句は、仏教修行の全体像を簡潔に表現しています。
目標を達成することばかりが強調される現代において、この章は「道を歩むこと自体」に価値があるという視点を提供します。八正道——正しい見方、正しい思い、正しい言葉、正しい行い、正しい生活、正しい努力、正しい気づき、正しい集中——は、到達点ではなく、日々の実践そのものです。完璧を求めるのではなく、一歩一歩着実に歩むこと。この道は二千五百年の歴史を持ちながら、今日も変わらず歩むことができる、生きた道なのです。
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